HPR was significantly related to duration of diabetes and higher fasting glucose levels (but not consistently with HbA<sub>1c</sub>), and strongly related to all markers of insulin resistance, especially waist circumference, HOMA-IR, QUICKI and leptin.
Mathematical model of diabetes and lipid metabolism linked to diet, leptin sensitivity, insulin sensitivity and VLDLTG clearance predicts paths to health and type II diabetes.
In this cross-sectional study, we measured body mass composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, wrist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, fasting blood insulin, glucose, lipid profile, adiponectin, and leptin in 280 children with overweight/obesity and without diabetes (age: 7-18 years).
At the end of the study, in diabetes group, blood glucose level, GLUT2 and galanin expressions increased, while leptin expression decreased when compared to control group.
Breast cancer patients receiving metformin as treatment for diabetes showed significant reduction in levels of insulin, fasting glucose, CRP, HOMA, leptin, BMI, and Ki-67.
Moreover, CB1 activation is linked to impaired lipid and glucose metabolism and therefore obesity and diabetes, while its antagonism leads to the reduction of plasma triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, insulin and glucose.
The copy number of mtDNA in various fat stores was higher in obese patients with type 2 diabetes than in obese patients without diabetes or in the control subjects and was related to the levels of leptin and proinflammatory cytokines.
In this review, we discuss the effects of obesity and diabetes-induced inflammation on the BBB, the roles played by leptin and insulin resistance, as well as BBB changes occurring at the molecular level.
When examining the correlation network by timing of diabetes onset, there were more perturbations in the network for case subjects diagnosed >10 years versus <5 years after blood collection, with consistent differential correlations of insulin and HbA<sub>1c</sub> C-peptide was the most highly connected node in the early-stage network, whereas leptin was the hub for mid- or late-stage networks.
To evaluate the additional discriminatory performance of adiponectin, leptin, and their ratio in the identification of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in men and women without diabetes on top of conventional risk factors.
Antidiabetic activities of CF might be mediated via inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, elevation of serum insulin concentration, and enhancement of insulin and leptin sensitivity in obesity-diabetes rats.
In contrast, R482 carriers had lower BMI (P < 0.05), leptin (P < 0.01) and fat mass (P < 0.001), but higher intra-/total abdominal fat-mass ratios (P < 0.001) and prevalences of diabetes (P < 0.01) and hypertriglyceridaemia (P < 0.05) than non-R482 carriers, with a trend towards more coronary artery disease.
The leptin-resistant db/ db mouse has been extensively studied as a model of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy; however, data on the functional and morphological alterations in db/ db hearts are conflicting.
A higher likelihood of asthma remission was associated with a greater decrease in leptin levels, and a higher likelihood of diabetes remission was predicted by a lesser decrease in CC.
Selective deletion of LEPR in these neurons with the Cre-loxP system, however, has previously failed to recapitulate, or only marginally recapitulated, the obesity and diabetes that are seen in LEPR-deficient Lepr <sup>db/db</sup> mice, suggesting that AGRP or POMC neurons are not directly required for the effects of leptin in vivo<sup>8-10</sup>.
This study assessed short-term memory and biochemical indicators with the levels of ghrelin, leptin, and cortisol between cognitive impairment and normal older adults with or without diabetes.